Verdict: In moderation
Plain, baked bread is generally safe for dogs in small quantities, but offers little nutritional value and can contribute to weight gain. Raw bread dough is dangerous due to yeast fermentation, which produces alcohol and causes the dough to expand in the stomach. Avoid bread containing toxic ingredients like xylitol, raisins, or garlic.
Yeast fermentation in raw dough produces ethanol, leading to alcohol poisoning, and causes dough expansion, potentially leading to bloat or gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). Xylitol causes rapid insulin release and liver failure. Raisins can cause acute kidney failure. Garlic can cause oxidative damage to red blood cells.
Yeast (in raw dough), Ethanol (from yeast fermentation), Xylitol, Raisins, Garlic